Painworx Duopeptase

   

Per Capsule Dosage: Potency
Bromelian

YourContentHere

YourContentHere

(1000 GDU, from pineapple)
Serrazimes-1Tm (60,000 I.U. Serratia Peptidase activity)		 300mg
100 mg

Indication

The most common usageof this product is threefold. First and foremost, it is used as a natural alternative to pharmaceutical anti-inflammortory drugs, to treat conditions of pain and inflammation. This includes osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, sports injuries and post-operative swellings. Secondarily, it is used as a treatment for respiratory tract diseases, including conditions of respiratory congestion, bronchitis, bronchial asthma and sinusitis. Finally, it is also used for conditions involving arterial plaque build-up, including atherosclerosis, phlebitis (vein inflammation) and varicose veins.

Each vegetarian capsule of Duopeptase contains two forms of protease. Proteases are a family of protein digesting enzymes that have a variety of therapeutic applications, aside from serving as a digestive aid. Proteases, derived from animal, plant and microbial sources, are used to fight inflammation, in chronic conditions such as cancer and arthritis, and in acute conditions such as sports injuries, surgery and wounds. The Serratia Protease (Serratia Peptidase) has even broader benefits including digesting non-living tissue, blood clots, cysts, fibrin and arterial plaque. These enzymes also have been used to treat respiratory tract diseases (mucolytic activity), edema, acute sinusitis and varicose veins (due to breaking down fibrin desposits).

Dosage:
Treatment of Inflammation and Pain:
one capsule of Duopeptase once or twice daily, or as recommended by a health professional, one half hour before or one hour after eating.

Treatment for aterial blockage:
one capsule three times per day on an empty stomach. If digestive disturbances should occur, stay at one capsule per day for the first week, then raise to two per day for the next week, and three per day on the third week.

Description

Duopeptase refers to itself as “Triple Strength” as compared to the original Painworks formula of 30,000 I.U. We use a double dose of the enzyme Serratia Peptidase (60,000 I.U.) in each capsule, and we have also added a full therapeutic dose of the enzyme Bromelain as well.

 

Serrazimes-1

The enzyme Serratia Peptidase is marketed under many different names, and is well researched in Europe and Japan. Most studies are based on treating pain and inflammation due to physical trauma, especially post-operative trauma (1). Additional clinical studies cover treating sinusitis, respiratory ailments and breast engorgement. A recent study out of India has confirmed its effectiveness on carpal tunnel syndrome (65% of cases showed significant clinical improvement) (2), and new studies are being performed in these areas. Serrazimes-1 is produced from fungal strains (aspergillus-the variety used to produce most digestive enzymes sold in supplemental form) with a long history of safe use.

 

Bromelain

Bromelain is often overlooked as an anti-inflammatory, yet since its introduction as a therapeutic agent in 1957, well over 200 scientific papers attesting to its effectiveness have appeared in the medical literature. Bromelain has been proven to be clinically effective in treating: pancreatic insufficiency, cellulitis, sprains, strains, contusions, sinusitis, bronchitis, degenerative bone and join diseases, tumors, allegies, and must more (3). In fact the original research done by Dr. Hans Nieper, and often quoted to support the sales of serratia peptidase products, was done with Bromelain.

Bromelain has proven useful in treating both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and spots related injuries. One study compaired the effects of bromelain against NSAID medication for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Both groups received the same benefits in pain reduction and improved mobility. We now know that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can have dangerous side effects, so Bromelain proved to be a safe and effective alternative (4).

Bromelain reduces inflammation by a process known as fibrinolysis. It does this by stimulating the production of plasmin, which breaks down fibrin deposits and prevents fibrin from producing localizing swelling. Plamin also blocks the formation of inflammatory compounds. Varicosed veins have accumulated fibrin deposits in the tissue near the veins, causing the surrounding skin to become hard and lumpy. An inability of the body to break down fibrin increases the risk of thrombophlebitis (vein inflammation), myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke.

 

Non-Enteric Coating is More Effective

Much has been made of the necessity of enteric coating protease products when they are to be used to reduce inflammation or clean out cellular debris. If we set aside the marketing hype and look at it from a scientific perspective it is fairly clear that enteric coating is not necessary. In fact, studies have indicated that non-enteric coated protease products are more effective than enteric coated ones, for treating inflammatory conditions (5,6). Basically, the first function of protease is to digest protein, so if you take these enzymes while there is protein in the stomach. that is what they will do. If there is no protein in the stomach, they will serve their secondary functions of cleaning out waste material and reducing inflammation. So when using non-enteric coated products, such as ours, simply take away from protein. We suggest they be taken on an empty stomach (half hour before eating, or one hour after eating), but really they can be taken with fruit or carbs, as long as no protein is ingested at the same time (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cheese, tofu, tempeh).

 

Contraindications

Both Bromelain and all variations of Serratia Peptidase will increase the concentration of antibiotics in the bloodstream. While this can allow for less antibiotics to be used, if they are properly prescribed together, it can be dangerous to mix the two without professional guidance. Because Bromelain reduces blood platelet aggregation it should not be combined with blood thinning medications, again unless under the supervision of a trained professional. All protein digesting enzymes can irritate existing ulcers and should be avoided by those with stomach or intestinal ulcers. People allergic to pineapples may react poorly to Bromelain supplements. And, as a general precaution, if you are pregnant or nursing, consult with a professional before using.

 

References

1. Esch PM, Gerngross H, Fabian A. Reduction of postoperative swelling. Fortschr Med. 1989; 107 (4):67-8, 71-2
2. Dept. of Neurology, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. A prliminary trial of serratiopeptidase in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India, 2000 Nov: 49 (11):1130
3. Cichoke, Dr.Anthony J: The Complete Book of Enzyme Therapy. Avery Publishing, Garden City Park, NY, 1999, pp 46,52
4. Klein, G and Kullich W: “Short-Term Treatment of Painful Osteoarthritis of the Knee With Oral Enzymes.” W Clinical Drug Investigation Jan 01,2000
5. Taussig S and Batkin S: Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 22, 191-203, 1988
6. Murray, Dr.Micheal T: The Healing Power of Herbs. Prima Publishing, Rocklin, Ca, 1995, pp 60,65,67
7. Kee, W.H., Tan, S.L., Lee, V., Salmon, Y.M., “The treatment of breast engorgement with Serrapeptase (Danzen): a randomized double-blind controlled trial.”, Singapore Med J., 1989;Feb 30:48-54.
8. Fitzhugh, D.J., et al., “Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation.”, Clin Immunol, 2008 Jul;128 (1):66-74.
9. Secor, E.R., et al., “Oral Bromelain Attenuates Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Asthma.”, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2008 Mar;5(1):61-9.
10. Nakamura, S., et al., “Effect of the proteolytic enzyme serrapeptase in patients with chronic airway disease.”, Respirology, 2003 Sep;8(3):316-20.
11. Mazzone, A., et al., “Evaluation of serratia peptidase in acute or chronic inflammation of otorhinolaryngology pathology: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial versus placebo.”, J Int Med Res, 1990; Sept-Oct 18(5):379-88.
12. Walker, A.F., et al., “Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults.”, Phytomedicine, 2002 Dec;9(8):681-6.

Packaging: Packed in recyclable PETE containers to protect against oxidation.
Guaranteed Pure: Contains no added binders, fillers, extenders, or other additives.
Capsule Shell: Microcrystalline vegetable cellulose and water.

 

Leave a Comment:

otezonot says

Close knife metastasize malignancy [URL=https://bhtla.com/lasix/ – lasix 40mg[/URL – [URL=https://leadsforweed.com/pill/low-cost-flagyl/ – flagyl[/URL – [URL=https://vowsbridalandformals.com/promethazine/ – promethazine[/URL – [URL=https://tei2020.com/nizagara/ – nizagara[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/hydroxychloroquine/ – buy hydroxychloroquine[/URL – [URL=https://vowsbridalandformals.com/levitra/ – levitra pills[/URL – [URL=https://transylvaniacare.org/product/ed-sample-pack-2/ – ed sample pack 2 no presc[/URL – [URL=https://oliveogrill.com/viagra-pills/ – viagra online[/URL – viagra pills [URL=https://planbmfg.com/pill/amoxicillin/ – amoxicillin[/URL – [URL=https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/tadalafil-en-ligne/ – where can i buy tadalafili legally[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-20mg/ – generic prednisone tablets[/URL – no prescription prednisone [URL=https://oliveogrill.com/prednisone-20-mg/ – prednisone 20 mg[/URL – [URL=https://bakuchiropractic.com/prednisone/ – prednisone 20mg[/URL – [URL=https://rozariatrust.net/buying-prednisone/ – prednisone canadian pharmacy[/URL – buying prednisone [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/drug/celebrex/ – celebrex[/URL – [URL= – kamagra[/URL – [URL=https://livinlifepc.com/purchase-prednisone/ – 5mg prednisone for dogs no prescription[/URL – [URL=https://leadsforweed.com/cipro-1000mg/ – buy cipro online 1000 lowest price[/URL – [URL=https://abbynkas.com/item/lasix-overnight/ – lasix overnight[/URL – [URL=https://columbiainnastoria.com/kamagra/ – kamagra[/URL – [URL=https://mjlaramie.org/product/hydroxychloroquine/ – generic no prescription hydroxychloroquine[/URL – [URL=https://glenwoodwine.com/zoloft/ – zoloft prices[/URL – [URL=https://pureelegance-decor.com/propecia/ – propecia[/URL – [URL=https://bulgariannature.com/hydroxychloroquine-best-price/ – buy hydroxychloroquine in pharmacy[/URL – [URL=https://abbynkas.com/item/lasix/ – lasix 100mg[/URL – [URL=https://marksgroupbd.com/amoxicillin/ – buy amoxicillin[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-for-sale/ – prednisone without prescription[/URL – [URL= – tinidazole without dr prescription usa[/URL – histological passes, pre-renal price of lasix were to get flagyl buy promethazine without prescription nizagara hydroxychloroquine 400mg 10 levitra online canada ed sample pack 2 no presc viagra online low cost amoxicillin tadalafil en ligne buying prednisone prednisone 20 mg side effects prednisone buying prednisone on line prednisone celebrex kamagra by prednisone w not prescription best generic cipro online lasix lasix kamagra oral jelly best prices on hydroxychloroquine in toronto zoloft without prescription propecia brand buy hydroxychloroquine in pharmacy where to buy lasix online compra amoxil en espana prednisone cheep buy tinidazole online canada suppositions interposed https://bhtla.com/lasix/ lasix tablets https://leadsforweed.com/pill/low-cost-flagyl/ https://vowsbridalandformals.com/promethazine/ https://tei2020.com/nizagara/ https://productreviewtheme.org/hydroxychloroquine/ https://vowsbridalandformals.com/levitra/ https://transylvaniacare.org/product/ed-sample-pack-2/ https://oliveogrill.com/viagra-pills/ 100 mg viagra lowest price https://planbmfg.com/pill/amoxicillin/ https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/tadalafil-en-ligne/ https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-20mg/ https://oliveogrill.com/prednisone-20-mg/ https://bakuchiropractic.com/prednisone/ https://rozariatrust.net/buying-prednisone/ https://productreviewtheme.org/drug/celebrex/ https://livinlifepc.com/purchase-prednisone/ https://leadsforweed.com/cipro-1000mg/ https://abbynkas.com/item/lasix-overnight/ https://columbiainnastoria.com/kamagra/ kamagra oral https://mjlaramie.org/product/hydroxychloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine 400mg https://glenwoodwine.com/zoloft/ https://pureelegance-decor.com/propecia/ https://bulgariannature.com/hydroxychloroquine-best-price/ https://abbynkas.com/item/lasix/ https://marksgroupbd.com/amoxicillin/ https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-for-sale/ analysers profiles.

Reply
iluhusixofape says

Thyroid prospective [URL=https://mjlaramie.org/drugs/fildena/ – generic fildena canada[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/viagra-50mg/ – cheap viagra pills[/URL – [URL= – canada pharmacy online no script[/URL – [URL=https://thecultivarte.com/item/prednisone/ – prednisone[/URL – [URL= – cialis soft 40mg[/URL – [URL=https://recipiy.com/retin-a/ – retin-a[/URL – [URL=https://winterssolutions.com/parlodel/ – parlodel[/URL – [URL=https://a1sewcraft.com/sky-pharmacy/ – cialis canadian pharmacy[/URL – [URL= – isotretinoin buy in canada[/URL – [URL=https://bulgariannature.com/hydroxychloroquine-best-price/ – hydroxychloroquine best price[/URL – [URL=https://abbynkas.com/item/propecia/ – increased cost of propecia[/URL – [URL=https://bhtla.com/tadalafil/ – tadalafil[/URL – [URL=https://airjamaicacharter.com/drugs/ventolin/ – buy cheap ventolin[/URL – [URL=https://mywyomingstore.com/retin-a/ – retin a without pres[/URL – [URL=https://bhtla.com/drug/hydroxychloroquine/ – how much is hydroxychloroquine without insurance[/URL – [URL=https://airjamaicacharter.com/tadalafil/ – tadalafil 10mg[/URL – [URL=https://charlotteelliottinc.com/prednisone/ – buy prednisone online no prescription[/URL – [URL=https://bulgariannature.com/product/generic-prednisone/ – prednisone[/URL – prednisone [URL=https://transylvaniacare.org/staxyn/ – lowest price for staxyn[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/canadian-pharmacy-cialis/ – cialis 2.5mg[/URL – [URL=https://bakuchiropractic.com/amoxicillin/ – amoxicillin 1000mg[/URL – [URL=https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/fildena/ – fildena lowest price[/URL – [URL=https://airjamaicacharter.com/nizagara/ – nizagara to buy[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/flomax/ – flomax[/URL – [URL=https://oliveogrill.com/walmart-viagra-100mg-price/ – cheap viagra online[/URL – [URL=https://livinlifepc.com/purchase-prednisone/ – prednisone dosage sinus infection[/URL – [URL=https://rozariatrust.net/buying-prednisone/ – prednisone online usa[/URL – [URL= – prednisone no prescription[/URL – neoplasms happen, generic fildena uk viagra 50mg canadian pharmacy online sky pharmacy buy prednisone w not prescription cialis soft tretinoin cream retin a parlodel prices cialis canadian pharmacy cheap isotretinoin buy isotretinoin online with echeck hydroxychloroquine best price buy propecia no prescription tadalafil 5mg buy tadalafil on line ventolin purchases without a prescription retin a canada online generic retin a hydroxychloroquine canadian mailorder tadalafil buy prednisone online prednisone 20mg prednisone 20mg staxyn cialis amoxicillin amoxicillin overnight buy fildena online nizagara flomax to buy cheapviagra.com 5mg prednisone for dogs no prescription prednisone 20mg canada pharmacy prednisone steroid fact gains obliterate https://mjlaramie.org/drugs/fildena/ https://productreviewtheme.org/viagra-50mg/ https://thecultivarte.com/item/prednisone/ https://recipiy.com/retin-a/ https://winterssolutions.com/parlodel/ https://a1sewcraft.com/sky-pharmacy/ https://bulgariannature.com/hydroxychloroquine-best-price/ https://abbynkas.com/item/propecia/ propecia https://bhtla.com/tadalafil/ tadalafil 2.5mg https://airjamaicacharter.com/drugs/ventolin/ https://mywyomingstore.com/retin-a/ https://bhtla.com/drug/hydroxychloroquine/ https://airjamaicacharter.com/tadalafil/ https://charlotteelliottinc.com/prednisone/ prednisone https://bulgariannature.com/product/generic-prednisone/ https://transylvaniacare.org/staxyn/ https://productreviewtheme.org/canadian-pharmacy-cialis/ https://bakuchiropractic.com/amoxicillin/ https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/fildena/ https://airjamaicacharter.com/nizagara/ nizagara https://productreviewtheme.org/flomax/ https://oliveogrill.com/walmart-viagra-100mg-price/ https://livinlifepc.com/purchase-prednisone/ https://rozariatrust.net/buying-prednisone/ antihistamines, uniquely, non-diabetic.

Reply
Proverka_feot says

Эффективные методы проверки сметы на соответствие, полезные подсказки.
Проверка сметы на соответствие – http://smeta-control.ru/ .

Reply
oodhiwi says

Early nifedipine clothing, [URL=https://a1sewcraft.com/sky-pharmacy/ – lasix pharmacy[/URL – [URL=https://winterssolutions.com/pill/best-price-on-line-viagra/ – pharmacie en ligne viagra[/URL – [URL=https://transylvaniacare.org/drugs/furosemide/ – lasix[/URL – [URL=https://cubscoutpack152.org/buy-generic-prednisone/ – cheap prednisone pills[/URL – [URL=https://ucnewark.com/prandial-md/ – buy prandial-md for less[/URL – [URL= – generic prednisone lowest price[/URL – [URL=https://basicpurity.com/prednisone/ – prednisone 5mg[/URL – [URL=https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-buy/ – prednisone buy[/URL – prednisone [URL=https://transylvaniacare.org/drugs/cialis-without-a-prescription/ – cialis 5mg[/URL – cialis [URL=https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/prednisone-10-mg/ – prednisone 10 mg[/URL – buy prednisone 10 mg without prescription [URL=https://abbynkas.com/item/prednisone-buy-online/ – prednisone 10 mg grammi[/URL – [URL=https://thecultivarte.com/drugs/lasix-com/ – cheapest online lasix[/URL – [URL=https://mjlaramie.org/product/prednisone/ – buy prednisone 5mg uk[/URL – [URL=https://mjlaramie.org/product/ed-sample-pack/ – europa ed-sample-pack[/URL – [URL=https://sci-ed.org/nitrofurantoin-online/ – cheap nitrofurantoin[/URL – [URL=https://damcf.org/xenical/ – xenical powered by phpbb[/URL – [URL=https://mjlaramie.org/drugs/fildena/ – fildena 100mg[/URL – [URL=https://abbynkas.com/drugs/clomid/ – 50 clomid online[/URL – [URL=https://happytrailsforever.com/cialis-20-mg-lowest-price/ – cialis[/URL – [URL= – viagra on internet[/URL – [URL=https://bulgariannature.com/product/tadalafil-20mg/ – tadalafil 2.5mg[/URL – [URL=https://abbynkas.com/levitra-generic-pills/ – levitra cheapest[/URL – [URL= – isotretinoin[/URL – [URL=https://vowsbridalandformals.com/product/flomax/ – flomax[/URL – [URL=https://cassandraplummer.com/drugs/aromasin/ – aromasin for sale overnight[/URL – aromasin without dr prescription [URL=https://frankfortamerican.com/prednisone-no-prescription/ – prednisone[/URL – [URL=https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/fildena/ – fildena lowest price[/URL – [URL=https://winterssolutions.com/parlodel/ – parlodel[/URL – morbid mosque, dying, on line pharmacy pharmacie en ligne viagra lasix prednisone walmart price buy prednisone prandial md generic pills order prednisone or prednisolone prednisone purchase prednisone prednisone 10mg cialis ordering prednisone prednisone in usa prednisone buy online lasix price on prednisone 20 mg no prescription buy ed sample pack nitrofurantoin lowest price buy orlistat fildena en ligne cheap 25 mg clomid pills canada cialis 100 mg viagra lowest price tadalafil 20mg levitra flomax street value purchase aromasin online prednisone no prescription fildena online parlodel organ x-ray: marrow, https://a1sewcraft.com/sky-pharmacy/ https://winterssolutions.com/pill/best-price-on-line-viagra/ https://transylvaniacare.org/drugs/furosemide/ https://cubscoutpack152.org/buy-generic-prednisone/ https://ucnewark.com/prandial-md/ https://basicpurity.com/prednisone/ https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-buy/ https://transylvaniacare.org/drugs/cialis-without-a-prescription/ https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/prednisone-10-mg/ https://abbynkas.com/item/prednisone-buy-online/ prednisone https://thecultivarte.com/drugs/lasix-com/ https://mjlaramie.org/product/prednisone/ https://mjlaramie.org/product/ed-sample-pack/ online ed-sample-pack pharmacy pay with ach https://sci-ed.org/nitrofurantoin-online/ https://damcf.org/xenical/ https://mjlaramie.org/drugs/fildena/ https://abbynkas.com/drugs/clomid/ https://happytrailsforever.com/cialis-20-mg-lowest-price/ https://bulgariannature.com/product/tadalafil-20mg/ https://abbynkas.com/levitra-generic-pills/ levitra price in india https://vowsbridalandformals.com/product/flomax/ https://cassandraplummer.com/drugs/aromasin/ https://frankfortamerican.com/prednisone-no-prescription/ https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/fildena/ fildena online https://winterssolutions.com/parlodel/ steroid, strains honour scarring.

Reply
orokezodoxofi says

Silicone condoms limited salicylates, prednisone without prescription order hydroxychloroquine online sildalis cytotec 100mcg lowest price canada mixing provigil levitra cialis buy singapore price of 10 cialis honest place to buy tamoxifen tamoxifen canadian pharmacy prednisone 20mg cytotec walmart pharmacy synthroid cialis generic 20 mg sildalis stocks prednisone 20mg lowest price for tadapox tadapox buy generic tadasoft amitriptyline distributors purchase prednisone without a prescription finasteride without a doctor cheap viagra pills price of augmentin propecia generic pharmacy every day pharmacy propecia without dr prescription usa canadian amoxil pharmacy hydroxychloroquine commercial buy generic prednisone tricyclics, kamagra order prednisone buy hydroxychloroquine online best non prescription sildalis discount generic cytotec online sale of levitra mixing provigil levitra buy cialis where tamoxifen canadian pharmacy no prescription prednisone online generic cytotec cytotec in pharmacy in ottawa tadalafil 20 mg cialis paypal buy sildalis online cheap sildalis 120mg prednisone 40 price of lowest price for tadapox where to buy tadasoft online amitriptyline 50mg kopen generic prednisone from canada buy prednisone finasteride.com lowest price finasteride.com lowest price viagra.com augmentin 375mg effectiveness of minoxidil and finasteride canadian cheap pharmacy propecia 1mg amoxicillin hydroxychloroquine commercial cheap prednisone pills trimethoprim intake extra https://northtacomapediatricdental.com/prednisone-20-mg/ https://shilpaotc.com/hydroxychloroquine-without-dr-prescription/ https://uofeswimming.com/product/sildalis/ https://mywyomingstore.com/cytotec/ https://oliveogrill.com/generic-levitra/ https://airjamaicacharter.com/item/cialis/ https://vowsbridalandformals.com/tamoxifen/ https://productreviewtheme.org/prednisone-20mg/ https://bhtla.com/drug/cytotec/ https://oliveogrill.com/tadalafil-20-mg/ https://mjlaramie.org/drugs/sildalis/ https://abbynkas.com/item/prednisone-20mg/ https://thecultivarte.com/item/tadapox/ https://mynarch.net/tadasoft/ tadasoft online uk https://downtowndrugofhillsboro.com/drugs/amitriptyline/ amitriptyline https://sunlightvillage.org/generic-prednisone-from-canada/ https://vowsbridalandformals.com/product/finasteride/ https://productreviewtheme.org/viagra-50mg/ https://vowsbridalandformals.com/product/augmentin/ https://oliveogrill.com/item/propecia/ https://bulgariannature.com/pharmacy/ https://bhtla.com/propecia/ https://transylvaniacare.org/item/amoxil/ https://outdoorview.org/product/hydroxychloroquine/ https://cubscoutpack152.org/buy-generic-prednisone/ virtue antioxidant manipulations.

Reply
Add Your Reply